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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク British responses to the anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire ： ウィキペディア英語版 British responses to the anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire The word ‘pogrom’ is derived from the Russian word ‘погром.’〔http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC, in Russian, "grom", which means thunder, suggests a severe level of destruction. The word pogrom derives more directly from the verb "pogromit" which means "break", "smash" and "conquer".〕 In Russia, the word pogrom was first used to describe the anti-Semitic attacks that followed the assassination of Tsar Alexander II in 1881. There was a second wave of pogroms in the early 20th century, between 1903 and 1906. Despite there being only two ‘waves’ of pogroms, there had been a culture of anti-Semitism existing for centuries. Most, if not all of the pogroms took place within the Pale of Settlement. The Jews of Russia were forced to exist within the Pale of Settlement by the Russian authorities. The Pale was not, however, a safe haven for the Jews and they were harshly discriminated against—with the employment of double taxes and the denial of further education. The pogroms aroused conflicting public reaction in Britain that was of both sympathy and apprehension. These anti-Jewish pogroms sparked much uncertainty for the Russian Jewish population and contributed to high levels of westbound migration from the country. Alongside America, Britain was a place of refuge, in particular major cities such as London, Liverpool, and Manchester. Much of the British public was disaffected by the inability of the Jews to assimilate into the society. Meanwhile, it became more difficult to get employed and this exacerbated the increasingly hostile British public opinion. Indeed, a great deal of the anti-Jewish sentiment developed amongst the trade union movements who were worried about this increasing difficulty to get employed.〔H. Defries, ''Conservative Party attitudes to Jews 1900-1950'', 1st edn, (Routledge, 2001), p16〕 Despite migrating away from their Russian persecutors, the Russian Jews were still blamed for the ills in society, albeit a different society. ==The British view of the Pogroms== Many in Britain were sympathetic towards Russian Jews as a result of the pogroms. The massacre of thousands of Jews confirmed to many Britons that Russia was a backward nation. Much of the British public subscribed to the view that the Russian government instigated the attacks. The majority of the British saw the pogroms as a horrendous sequence of events. The pogroms generated a great deal of sympathy for the Jewish people of Russia, yet this feeling eroded as immigration into Britain increased. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「British responses to the anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.